输入关键字"英语区别"或是"yyqb"可跳转到该文章。
such和so两个单词意思相近，使用时很容易混淆。其实，这两个单词的用法并不相同，首先要注意的是，它们的词性不同。但是，such和so都可以用于名词词组。
such为形容词，意为“这（那）样的；这（那）种；如此的”，主要修饰名词，如：No such thing has ever happened.从来没有发生过这样的事。
I have never seen such a beautiful place before.我以前从没见过这么漂亮的地方。
There is no such thing as a free lunch.
世上没有免费午餐之类的好事儿。
He said he didn"t have time or made some such excuse.
他说他没时间或别的诸如此类的借口。
而so是副词，意为“这（那）么；这（那）样；如此地”，主要修饰形容词、副词和分词。如：Last time I saw him he was so fat!上次我看见他时他太胖了！
He was not so much angry as disappointed.生气还是其次，他倒是失望得厉害。
Don"t look so angry.
别那样怒气冲冲的。
There"s no need to worry so.没必要这样着急。
一、后接可数名词的单数形式1、直接跟名词时，用such；如：However did you make such a mistake?你怎么会犯这样的错误？
I have never heard of such a thing.我从没听说过这样的事。
Why are you in such a hurry? 你为什么这么着急？
注意：当such前面有no时，必须省去不定冠词a(an)，因为no such本身已经包括了不定冠词，相当于not such a(an)；如：
I have no such book. = I don"t have such a book.我没有这本书。
Isaidnosuchthingasthat. = I didn"t say such a thing as that.我没有说过那样的话。
2、跟带有形容词的名词时，既可以用such，也可以用so，但应注意冠词位置的不同，如：I have never seen such a tall man. =I have never seen so tall a man.我从没见过这么高的人。 He is not such a clever boy as his brother.= He is not so clever a boy as his brother. 他不像他哥哥那样聪明。
二、后接可数名词的复数形式或集合名词，无论有无修饰语都用such，如：
Such things often happen in our daily life.这样的事情经常发生在我们的日常生活中。
Such people are dangerous.这样的人很危险。
Whales are such smart animals that they communicate with each other.鲸鱼是如此聪明的动物，它们彼此交流。
He made such stupid mistakes that the teacher tore up the whole paper.他犯了如此愚蠢的错误，老师把整张纸都撕了。
三、后接不可数名词，无论有无修饰语都用such，如：Did you ever see such weather?你见过这样的天气吗？
You can’t drink such hot milk.你不能喝这么热的牛奶。
She made such rapid progress that she soon began to write articles in English.她进步很快，很快就开始用英语写文章了。
四、当复数名词或集合名词之前有few，many；不可数名词之前有little，much修饰时，用so，如：so many people / so many students / so few daysso much time / somuch money / so little time等。注意：上述词组中的so实际上修饰名词前的形容词。比较下列两句：① I have met many such people in my life.我这辈子见过很多这样的人。
② I didn’t expect to meet so many people there.我没想到会在那里遇到这么多人。
上述两句中都有many，但却分别用了such和so，其位置不同，因此含义也不同。在①中，many和such同时修饰后面的名词；而②句中的so修饰的则是many。
五、当many、much、little、few单独作为名词使用时，用so；如：There are so few that I can’t give you one.太少了，我不能给你一个。
This is the girl I have told you so much about.这就是我跟你说过的那个女孩。
So much for today.今天就到这么多。
六、such可以和all、some、other、another、one、no、many、any、few、several等词同时修饰一个名词，但它的位置通常是放在这些词的后面，如：All such possibilities mustbe considered.所有这些可能性都必须加以考虑。
I need some such cards.我需要一些这样的卡片。
One such dictionary is enough for me.我只要一本这样的字典就够了。
We have had several such Chinese paintings already.我们已经有好几幅这样的中国画了。
I hope never to meet with another suchaccident.我希望再也不会遇到这样的事了。
七、so的常见用法
1、当so作副词，修饰形容词或副词时，表示程度,意为"这么"，"那么"，如:Don" t be so silly.别那么傻。He ran so fast.他跑得那么快。 2、如果so后无形容词，则so不能与名词连用，如:I" ve never seen so tall a child(=such a tall child). ---->不可以说He is so a child.我从未见过个儿那么高的小孩.
但是so little、so much可与不可数名词连用，so few、so many可与复数名词连用.如：Tom ate so much food a meal.汤姆一餐吃了那么多的食物。
There" re so few people in the hall.大厅里的人很少。
3、So…that 意为"如此……以至于……"，是一个常见句型，如：Jane" s leg was so painful that she couldn" t move at all.简的腿那么疼,以至于根本动不了.
该句型还可以转换成"So +adj.+ a/an+名词"结构，如：
Mike is so clever a boy that all like him.麦克这么聪明,大家都喜欢他.so that意为"以便"，"为的是"，引导目的状语从句(该目的状语通常用情态动词作谓语)如:
They can help you to compare two different products so that you can buy the one you really like.他们能帮助你比较两种不同的产品,以便你能买到自己真正喜欢的。so that从句还可表示结果,意为"因此"，如:His pen is missing,so that he hasn" t done his homework.他的笔不见了,因此他无法完成作业。4、so与动词say、tell、think、believe、suppose等连用,可以替代一个意义完整的宾语从句，如：Is she a top student in her class Yes, I think so.她是她们班最好的学生吗 是的,我想是这样。so与动词do连用，意为"这样做"，以避免重复前面的有关内容。而if so意为"如果是这样"，如：
He did so in order to help her.他这样做是为了帮助她.Are you a student? If so(=If you are ), may I have your name, please?你是学生吗？如果是，请问你叫什么名字？5、"So + be/其他助动词/情态动词 + 主语"是倒装结构,意为"同样"，"也"。这一结构在中考试题中也经常出现，如:A: I usually go to bed at night.B: So do I.
A：我通常晚上睡觉。B：我也是。6、so作连词，表示结果，意为"所以"，"因此"，如:
A: How do you like this shirt?B: It" s beautiful and it fits me well,so (that) I 1ike it very much.
A：你喜欢这件衬衣吗？B：它既漂亮又很合身,因此我非常喜欢。
7、"not so + adj./adv.(原级)+as"是一个常见的比较级句型，意思是"不如"，"不及"，如:The man doesn" t work so hard as me.这个人工作不如我努力.
八、such的常见用法1、形容词的用法
A、such做形容词，是最常见、也是最简单的用法，起到一种强调作用。 She"s got such talent.她很有天赋。We"re having such a wonderful time.我们过得很愉快。I"ve had such a shock.我大吃一惊。Why are you in such ahurry?为什么你这么匆忙？B、注意上面的第二个例子，"such a wonderful time"。通常情况下，如果such与名词之间还带有形容词，这时不提倡使用such，因为会引起歧义。而要说"so wonderful a time"或者"a time so wonderful"。C、当句子末尾加上that引导从句，形成such ... that结构时，表示因为前面提到的原因，引起了某种结果。He speaks to me in such a way that I always feel he is insulting me.他 总是用那种方式跟我说话，总是使得我觉得受到了侮辱。It was such a boring speech (that) I fell asleep.这是个乏味的演说，使得我睡着了。2、限定词的用法D、所谓“限定词”，指的是对名词的涵义加以限制的词。又分为后对应限定和前对应限定两种。
E、前对应限定的such，指的是前面提到过的某一种类。He noticed her necklace. Such jewels must have cost thousands, he thought.他注意到了她的项链。这一定值几千元，他想。This isn"t the only story of crulty to children.Many such cases are reportedevery day.这并非虐待儿童的唯一事件。每天都有许多类似案例被报道。
F、后对应限定的such，指的是后面将要提到的某一种类。通常使用such ... as/that ...的结构。Such a disaster as this had never happened to her before.以前她从 未遇到过这样的灾难。The knot was fastened in such a way that it was impossible to undo.这个结打得很牢固，根本解不开。Such advice as he was given proved almost worthless.他得到的那些建议，被证明毫无价值。He"s not such a fool as he looks.他并非看上去那样蠢。注意，规范的用法是应避免使用such ... that，而只使用such ... as，方便与前面的第C点相区分。3、代词的用法G、such做代词的时候，也分为前指代和后指代两种。
H、前指代的意思是，指代前面提到过的某个人或某件事。通常，这时指代的是前面整句话的涵义。 Cricket was boring. Such was her opinion before meeting Ian.板球很乏味。遇到Ian之前，她一直这么认为。She"s a competent manager and has always been regarder as such by her colleagues.她是一个能干的经理。同事们一直这样看待她。I、后指代的意思是，指代后面提到的某个人或某件事。这时通常采用such as to do sth或such that的结构。Such is the influence of TV that it can make a person famous overnight.这就是电视的影响，它可以使人一夜成名。The pain in her foot wasn"t such as to stop her walking.她脚上的痛，还没有到妨碍走路的地步。The damage was such that it would cost too much to repair.损害很严重，要用很多钱才能修好。4、词组 such as 和 as suchJ、such as可以连在一起，作为词组使用，意思是“比如、就像”，同like类似。Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare.像兰花和樱草花那样的野花，越来越少见了。Large and important projects such as this one often take years to develop.类似这一个的大型重要项目，需要好多年才能发展起来。K、词组as such通常用在词尾，其实只是代词用法的一个引申，或者表示“像看上去那样”。If this is not genuine champagne, it should not be labelled as such.既然这不是真的香槟酒，就不应该这样标识。The new job is not promotion as suchbut it has good prospects.新工作并非真的升职，不过前景不错。
5、such as 的七个用法L、表示举例，意为“例如，诸如此类的，像……那样的”，相当于like或for example。如：There are few poets such as Keats and Shelly.像济慈和雪莱这样的诗人现在很少了。Adverbs are used to modify verbs, such as “quickly” in “she ran fast”.副词用来修饰动词，例如“她跑得快”中的“快”。Animals such as rabbits and deer continue to be active all winter，finding food wherever they can .像兔和鹿这样的动物整个冬天都是很活跃的，它们到处寻找食物。用于此义时的几点说明：a、这类结构既可表现为“名词 + such as + 例子”，也可表现为“such + 名词+ as + 例子”。如：I enjoy songs such as this one.= I enjoy such songs as this one.我喜欢像这首歌一样的歌。b、若后接动词，通常用动名词，有时也可用动词原形。如：
Don’t do anything silly such as marry him.不要做什么蠢事，比如说去嫁给他。
Magicians often perform tricks such as pulling a rabbit out of a hat.魔术师常常变从帽子里抓出兔子的戏法。c、不要按汉语意思将such as用作such like。d、其后不可列出前面所提过的所有东西。如：正：I know four languages, such as Japanese and English.我懂四种语言，如日语、英语。误：I know four languages, such as Chinese, French, Japanese and English.我懂四种语言，如汉语、法语、日语和英语。e、在现代英语中，such as可与etc. 连用。如：
They planted many flowers, such as roses, sunflowers，etc.他们种了许多种花，如玫瑰花、向日葵等。They export a 1ot of fruits，such asoranges，lemons，etc.他们出口许多水果，如桔子、柠檬等。M、表示“像……这样的”，其中的 as 用作关系代词，引导定语从句，as 在定语从句中用作主语或宾语。此外，不要按汉语意思把该结构中的 as 换成like。如：
He is not such a fool as he looks.他并不像他看起来那么傻。Such men as he (is) are rare now.现在像他这样的人很少了。N、表示“凡是……的人(或事物)”、“所有……的人(事物)”，其意相当于everything that, all those, those that (who)等。其中的 such 为先行词，as 为关系代词。如：
Take such (things) as you need.你需要什么就拿什么。
You may choose such as you prefer.你可挑选自己想要的东西。
Such (people) as have knowledge and skillwill not want to work.有知识和技能的人不愁没有工作。O、有时 such as 整个儿用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句。如：We had hoped to give you a chance such as nobody else ever had.我们本来希望给你一个别人从未有过的机会。Then I left it，feeling a weight at my heart such as I had never had before.然后我离开那里，心头感到一种前所未有的沉重心情。P、用于 such…as to do sth，表示结果，其中的such为限定语，as to do sth 表示结果。如：It was such a loud noise as to wake everybody in the house.声音很大，屋里的所有人都被吵醒了。You shouldn’t put such high prices as to frighten your customers off.你不应该要价这么高，以致把顾客都吓跑了。Q、用于such as to do sth，表示程度或结果。其中的such是代词，as to dosth引出的结构作程度状语或结果状语。如：Her illness was not such as to cause anxiety.她的病不是很重，不必担心。The pain in her foot wasn’t such as to stop her walking.她脚疼，但还不至于不能行走。
R、用于such as it is构成习语，表示让步，意思是“尽管不怎么好”“尽管不一定正确”“尽管没什么价值或重要性”。如：
The food, such as it is, is plentiful.食物不是很好，但量很多。
You may use my bike, such as it is.尽管我的自行车不好，你可以将就着用吧。You’re welcome to join us for supper, such as it is—we’re onlyhaving soup and bread.欢迎你和我们一起吃晚饭，只是没什么好吃的——只有汤和面包。
