浙江师范大学硕士研究生入学考试初试试题(A卷)
科目代码:
211
科目名称:
翻译硕士英语
适用专业:
055200翻译硕士专业学位
提示：
1、请将所有答案写于答题纸上，写在试题上的不给分；
2、请填写准考证号后6位：____________。
I. Vocabulary and Grammar (30%, 1.5 points each)
Directions: Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
1. These small firms ________not long ago in order to meet the increasing demands for more electrical appliances.
A. clustered B. assembled C. linked D. amalgamated
2. My aunt has decided to spend her ________years in the suburbs of Shanghai.
A. diminishing B. declining C. reducing D. dwindling
3. The matter is not to be ____.
A. watched for B. waited on C. taken over D. trifled with
4. At the immortal touch of thy hands my little heart loses its limits in joy and gives birth to utterance ________.
A. touchable B. irresistible C. marvelous D. ineffable
5. From the _______of the negotiations, it was clear that it would be hard for the two sides to reach an agreement.
A. outbreak B. outlook C. outset D. onset
6.____in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown.
A. Unpopular has as white been B. White has been as unpopular
C. Unpopular has been as white D. Unpopular as white has been
7. As the train will not leave until one hour later, we ____grab a bite at the snack bar.
A. may well B. just as well C. might as well D. as well
8. She resorted to ____ when she had no money to buy foods for her children.
A. have stolen B. steal C. stole D. stealing
9.____money, she is quite rich. However, this does not mean that she is happy.
A. Concerning B. As to C. In terms of D. In the light of
10. It is ____with the customer not to let the shop assistants guess what she really likes and wants until the last moment.
A. in her honor B. on her honor C. a point of honor D. an honor
11. An institution that properly carries the name university is a more comprehensive and complex institution than any other kind of higher education____.
A. settlement B. establishment C. construction D. structure
12. Jack is so ____to his appearance that he never has his clothes pressed.
A. adverse B. anonymous C. indifferent D. casual
13. I ____with the Browns during my stay in New York City.
A. put in B. put down C. put on D. put up
14. Outside my office window there is a fire ____ on the right.
A. escape B. ladder C. steps D. stairs
15. Our civilization cannot be thought of as ____in a short period of time.
A. to have been created B. to be created
C. having been created D. being created
16. He might have been killed ____the timely arrival of the ambulance.
A. but for B. except for C. besides D. except
17. Their happiness was very____.
A. crisp B. brittle C. delicate D. fragile
18. Do you know Johnson’s brother? He is _________ than Johnson.
A. much more businessman B. more of a businessman
C. more of businessman D. more a businessman
19. That was not the first time he ________ us. I think it’s high time we ________ strong actions against him.
A. betrayed… take B. had betrayed… took
C. has betrayed… took D. has betrayed… take
20. Before Mr. Smith became the head of the factory, our production _______at a snail’s pace.
A. crawled B. climbed C. slipped D. crept
II. Reading comprehension (40%)
Section 1 Multiple choice ( 2 points each)
Directions: In this section there are reading passages followed by multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
Passage A
There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancientGreece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual. The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world, even the seasonal changes, as unpredictable, and they sought through various means, to control these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites. As time passed some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama.
Those who believed that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used. Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances, and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the “acting area” and the “auditorium”. In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed the desired effect－success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun—as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.
Another theory traces the theater’s origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this view, tales (about the hunt, war, or other feats) are gradually elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds.
21. What does the passage mainly discuss? ___________.
A. The origins of theater.
B. The role of ritual in modern dance.
C. The importance of storytelling.
D. The variety of early religious activities.
22. What aspect of drama does the author discuss in the first paragraph? ___________.
A. The reason drama is often unpredictable.
B. The seasons in which dramas were performed.
C. The connection between myths and dramatic plots.
D. The importance of costumes in early drama.
23. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a common element of theater and ritual? ___________.
A. Dance. B. Costumes. C. Music. D. Magic.
24. According to the passage, what is the main difference between ritual and drama? ___________.
A. Ritual uses music whereas drama does not.
B. Ritual is shorter than drama.
C. Ritual requires fewer performers than drama.
D. Ritual has a religious purpose and drama does not.
25. The passage supports which of the following statements? ___________.
A. No one really knows how the theater began.
B. Myths are no longer represented dramatically.
C. Storytelling is an important part of dance.
D. Dramatic activities require the use of costumes.
Passage B
Historical developments of the past half century and the invention of modern telecommunication and transportation technologies have created a world economy. Effectively the American economy has died and been replaced by a world economy.
In the future, there is no such thing as being an American manager. Even someone who spends an entire management career in Kansas City is in international management. He or she will compete with foreign firms, buy from foreign firms, sell to foreign films, or acquire financing from foreign banks.
The globalization of the world’s capital markets that has occurred in the past 10 years will be replicated right across the economy in the next decade. An international perspective has become central to management. Without it managers are operating in ignorance and cannot understand what is happening to them and their firms.
Partly because of globalization and partly because of demography, the work forces of the next century are going to be very different from those of the last century. Most firms will be employing more foreign nationals. More likely than not, you and your boss will not be of the same nationality. Demography and changing social mores mean that white males will become a small fraction of the work force as women and minorities grow in importance. All of these factors will require changes in the traditional methods of managing the work force.
In addition, the need to produce goods and services at quality levels previously thought impossible to obtain in mass production and the spreading use of participatory management techniques will require a work force with much higher levels of education and skills. Production workers must be able to do statistical quality control; production workers must be able to do just in-time inventories. Managers are increasingly shifting from a “don’t think, do what you are told” to a “think, I am not going to tell you what to do” style of management.
This shift is occurring not because today’s managers are more enlightened than yesterday’s managers but because the evidence is rapidly mounting that the second style of management is more productive than the first style of management. But this means that problems of training and motivating the work force both become more central and require different modes of behavior.
In the word of tomorrow managers cannot be technologically illiterate regardless of their functional tasks within the firm. They don’t have to be scientists or engineers inventing new technologies, but they have to be managers who understand when to bet and when not to bet on new technologies. If they don’t understand what is going on and technology effectively becomes a black box, they will fail to make the changes that those who do understand what is going on inside the black box make. They will be losers, not winners.
Today’s CEOs are those who solved the central problems facing their companies 20 years ago. Tomorrow’s CEOs will be those who solve central problems facing their companies today. Sloan hopes to produce a generation of managers who will be solving today’s and tomorrow’s problems and because they are successful in doing so they will become tomorrow’s captains of business.
26. The author suggests that a manger should hold a _________ view on management.
A. economical B. geographical
C. international D. financial
27. Speaking of the problems of training and motivating laborers, the author implies that __________.
A. laborers should keep up with the rapid development of modern technology.
B. laborers pay more attention to wages.
C. laborers want to advance themselves
D. there is a radical change in management style.
28. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Globalization and demography lead to the differences between the work forces of the last century and those of the next century.
B. At present, white males make up only a small proportion of work forces in American firms.
C. In the next century, women and minorities will become the major part of work forces in theUnited States.
D. The need to produce goods and services at quality levels previously will call for a work force with much higher levels of education and skills.
29. By the first sentence of Paragraph 7, the author means that __________.
A. managers should master modern technology
B. managers should have access to technological knowledge
C. managers should focus on functional tasks
D. managers should cooperate with technicians
30. The main topic of this passage is __________.
A. the new concept of management
B. the great shift of management style
C. the qualities of managers for the 21st century
D. the technique of modern management of managers
Section 2 Answering questions (20%)
Directions: Read the following passage and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow the passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER SHEET.
Questions 31-35
Morally and socially, laughter has not been well regarded throughout history. Prior to the last hundred years or so, laughter in public was about as socially acceptable as vigorous breaking of wind would be today. In Medieval times, physicians located each emotion in some organ of the body. Love, for example, was seated in the heart — if they had chosen another particular organ which would seem to be a more logical contender, we would be sending each other quite different shapes on Valentine"s Day. The seat of laughter was the spleen, apparently to indicate that laughter was viewed as a "low" form of behavior.
It is no surprise that Victorian England was not big on laughter. Nevertheless, Queen Victoria did deliver one immortal quip in comment on a man charged with the attempted murder of the British Prime Minister, and who was pleading insanity — "We do not believe that anyone could be insane who would wish to murder a Conservative Prime Minister". Neither was laughter popular with the Church. The Puritans in particular looked upon it with disdain and permitted it only when it served to illustrate a moral lesson.
Sigmund Freud distinguished between malign and benign laughter. Laughter was malignant, he argued, when it indicated an underlying pathology, i.e. served as an outlet for underlying sexual and aggressive impulses. Benign laughter did not indicate any underlying pathology. An example of benign humor is where a person masters unfortunate or unpleasant situations by turning them around and making a joke of them.
In humor, as in everything else, there are different levels of quality. This can range from the sparkling wit of Oscar Wilde to the crudity of the drinking-club "blue" joke. In my opinion the ethnic joke is fairly low on the totem pole. The object of these jokes is to highlight supposed negative characteristics in the target group, e.g. in the Irish joke, Paddy is always stupid. Of course this does not mean that many such jokes cannot be funny; simply that, as a genre, they are cruel and biased. Here is one I read recently, of American origin — Question: "What is a real quick way to learn Irish?" Answer: "Repeat the following words in quick succession — WHALE, OIL, BEEF, HOOKED".
Since the mid 1940s it has gradually come to be well accepted that tension and stress are bad for the health. We know that someone with a Type A" personality, characterized by seriousness, cynicism, stress, concern with time, hostility and impatience, has a greater risk of having a heart attack than the Type B" personality. Type B personalities are defined as those who do not exhibit the characteristics itemized above for Type A, i.e. they are less serious, more relaxed, not particularly competitive, slow to anger, more patient, etc. If psychological factors such as stress and tension can cause illness, and they can, then, surely, opposing psychological factors such as a sense of humor, which will lessen and deflate stress and tension, must have a positive effect on health.
Although it remains to be unambiguously demonstrated that humor is good for your health, there is no doubt that it enhances the quality of life. There are few more pleasant sensations than sharing a laugh with friends. Well, I will leave it at that, and I hope that your opinion of my musings on this subject is more favorable than Dr. Samuel Johnson"s reply to an author who had sent him his manuscript for review — "Your manuscript is both good and original; but the part that is good is not original and the part that is original is not good".
31. What is the thesis of this article? (6%)
32. Divide the article into several parts with the paragraph number indicated. (4%)
33. What are the main writing skills applied in paragraph 2 and 3? (2%)
34. By using Dr. Samuel Johnson"s reply to an author in paragraph 6, what did the author intend to demonstrate? (6%)
35. Give a possible title to the article. (2%)
III. Writing (30%)
Plagiarism is defined in dictionaries as “the wrongful appropriation, close imitation, or purloining and publication, of another author’s language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions, and the representation of them as one"s own original work.” It does great harm to our academic research and academic integrity. However, people do try to bypass it, because the gain could be immediate. How do you think of the phenomenon?
Write a piece of argumentation in about 500 words. In the first part you should state your position clearly; in the second, you should supply relevant evidence to support your position and refute the opposing side’s view; and finally you should bring your essay to a logical conclusion.
Marks will be awarded on the basis of your organization, diction, grammar and appropriateness.
