when,where,why属于关系副词,都在其引导的定语从句中充当状语,其具体用法如下:
1. 关系副词when引导定语从句(包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句)修饰表示时间的先行词,在定语从句中充当时间状语。例如:
I still remember the day when I first metJennifer.我仍然记得第一次见到詹妮弗的那一天。
Next month, when you’ll spend your summer holidays in yourhometown,is approaching.下个月即将来临,届时你们将在家乡度暑假。
2.关系副词where引导定语从句(包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句)修饰表示地点的先行词,在定语从句中充当地点状语。例如:
This is the office where he worked.这就是他工作过的办公室。
She is going to live in Macao, where she has some close friends.她要到澳门去定居, 在那里她有几个密友。
3.关系副词why引导限定性定语从句修饰先行词reason,在定语从句中充当原因状语。例如:
I don’t know the reason why he came so late.我不知道他来得那么晚的原因。
That is the reason why I don’t want to go.那就是我不想去的理由。
He didn’t tell me the reason why he was soupset.他没有告诉我他为什么那样心烦意乱。
注意:关系代词与关系副词之间并非毫无关联,两者之间存在密切的联系。在备考中尤其要注意以下几点:
1.很多情况下关系副词用“介词+which/whom”来代替,其中的介词由先行词或定语从句中谓语动词的形式来决定,例如:
Theday when I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of mylife.
= The day on which I met the famous pop star was the greatestday of my life.
见到这位著名歌星的那天是我一生中最重要的日子。
I shall never forget those years when I lived with her.
= I shall never forget those years during which I lived withher.
我将永远不会忘记我跟她生活的那些岁月。
This is a hall where the medical conference will be held.
= This is a hall in which the medical conference will beheld.
这是礼堂,医学会议将在此召开。
2.并非先行词表示时间或地点时都分别用when或where来引导相应的定语从句,若关系词在修饰表示时间或地点的先行词的定语从句中充当主语、宾语等而不是状语时,需用which或that引导相应的定语从句。例如:
Do you still remember the days which/that we spent together inschool?
你还记得我们一起在学校度过的那些日子吗?
先行词thedays表时间,但是其定语从句的引导词在定语从句中作宾语而不是状语,因此不能用when而应该用which或that.
3.that有时可以代替定语从句中的关系副词when,where,why,且that常可以省略,例如:
This is the time(when/that)he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
[考题1] We are living in an age ____ many things aredone on computer. (北京春)
A. which B. that C. whose D. when
[答案] D
[解析]本题中下划线处所引导的限定性定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词age,其引导词在该定语从句中充当时间状语,因此只能填入关系副词when.
[考题2]The film brought the hours back to me ____ I wastaken good care of in that far-away village. (2001)
A.until B.that C.when D.where
[答案]C
[解析]本题中下划线处所引导的限定性定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词hours,其引导词在该定语从句中充当时间状语,因此只能填入关系副词when.
[考题3]It was an exciting moment for these footballfans this year,____ for the first time in years their team wonthe World Cup.(2000北京、安徽春)
A.thatB. while C. which D. when
[答案] D
[解析]本题中下划线处所引导的非限定性定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词moment,其引导词在该定语从句中充当时间状语,因此只能填入关系副词when.
[考题4] After living in Paris for fifty years hereturned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.(1996)
A.which B.where C.that D.when
[答案] B
[解析]本题中下划线处所引导的限定性定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词town,其引导词在该定语从句中充当地点状语,因此只能填入关系副词where.
[考题5]We will be shown around the city: schools,museums, and some other places, ____ other visitors seldom go.(2002北京)
A.what B.which C.where D.when
[答案] C
[解析]本题中下划线处所引导的非限定性定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词someotherplaces,其引导词在该定语从句中充当地点状语,因此只能填入关系副词where.
[考题6]I walked in our garden,____ Tom and Jim weretying a big sign onto one of the trees. (辽宁)
A. which B.when C.where D. that
[答案] C
[解析]本题中下划线处所引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词garden并在该定语从句中充当地点状语,因此只能填入关系副词where.
[考题7] We’re just trying to reach a point ____ bothsides will sit down together and talk. (山东)
A.where B.that C.when D.which
[答案] A
[解析]point可以理解成地点、位置,其后面的定语从句中缺少地点状语,因此下划线处只能填入引导词where。