英国学校的数学课,从Key Stage1 – Key 2,从学前班Reception Year到Year 6,每一年学什么内容,学生要掌握哪些知识,在国家标准大纲中都有要求。
例如在Key Stage 1阶段,学校应该教会学生有足够的自信,能流利的认识数字,会数数,及位值。上课要包含数字、相关单词,以及加减乘除,对应的实践练习等等。在这个阶段,学生还应该有能力认识、描述、画、比较以及分类各种不同的图形,运用对应的词汇。老师上课也应该用到各种量度,教学生描述和比较不同物体的数量,例如长度、质量、容量、时间和金钱等等。以英国小学“Reception 阶段”为例,数学基础词汇就包括:Counting 数数number 数字;
zero, one, two, three… to twenty and beyond 1,2,3…到20以上;
zero, ten, twenty… one hundred 0,10,20…到100;
how many…? 数量多少?
count, count (up) to 数数,数到;
count in ones, twos… tens…一次数1个,2个…10个…
more, less, many, few 更多,更少,多,少;
odd, even 奇数,偶数;
every other 每隔一个;
how many times? 多少次?
pattern, pair 图形,一双;
guess how many, estimate 猜多少,估计;
nearly, close to, about the same as 几乎,接近,约等于;
just over, just under 稍多余,略低于;
too many, too few, enough, not enough太多,太少,足够,不够;
比较和数字排序the same number as, as many as 和…相同数量/一样多;
greater, more, larger, bigger 更大,更多;
less, fewer, smaller 更小,更少;
greatest, most, biggest, largest 最大,最多;
least, fewest, smallest 最小,最少;
one more, ten more 多一个,多十个;
one less, ten less 少一个,少十个;
compare 比较;
order 顺序;
size 大小;
first, second, third… tenth 第一,第二,第三….第十;
last, last but one 最后一个,倒数第二;
before, after 在…之前/之后;
Adding and subtracting加和减
add, more, and 加,多,和;
sum, total 总数;
altogether总共;
double 两倍;
one more, two more, ten more… 多一个,多两个,多十个..
how many more to make… ? 还要多少..?
how many more is… than…? 比…多多少?
take (away), leave 去掉;
how many are left/left over? 剩下多少?
one less, two less… ten less…少一个,少两个,少十个..
how many fewer is… than…? 比…少多少?
difference between 差多少;
is the same as 和..一样多;
Solving problems解决问题
pattern 图案;
puzzle 拼图;
answer 答案;
right, wrong 对,错;
how did you work it out? 怎么解决?
count, sort 数,分类;
group, set 把..分组;
match 搭配;
same, different 相同,不同;
Problems involving 'real life' or money生活中/钱的问题
compare 比较;
double 双倍;
half, halve 一半;
pair 一对/一双;
count out, share out 点数,分配;
left, left over 剩下,剩余;
money钱;
coin 硬币;
price 价格;
cost 花费;
buy 买;
sell 卖;
spend, spent 花钱;
pay 支付;
change 零钱;
dear, costs more 贵的;
cheap, costs less, cheaper 便宜的;
how much…? how many…? 多少钱?
Total总价;
Measures, shape and space度量,图形和空间
size 尺寸;
compare 对比;
guess, estimate 猜测,估计;
enough, not enough 足够,不够;
too much, too little 太多,太少;
too many, too few太多,太少;
Length 长度
length, width, height, depth 长,宽,高,深;
long, short, tall 长,短,高;
high, low 高的,低的;
wide, narrow宽的,窄的,
deep, shallow 深,浅;
thick, thin 厚,薄;
longer, shorter, taller, higher… and so on 更长,更短,更高;
longest, shortest, tallest, highest… and so on 最长,最短,最高;
far, near, close远,近;
Mass 质量
weigh, weighs, balances 重量,天平;
heavy/light, heavier/lighter, heaviest/lightest 重/轻,更重/更轻,最重/最轻;
Capacity容量
full 满;
half full半满;
empty 空的;
container容器;
Time时间
days of the week: Monday, Tuesday… 星期:星期一,星期二…
day, week 日,周;
birthday, holiday 生日,假日;
morning, afternoon, evening, night 早晨,下午,傍晚,晚上;
bedtime, dinnertime, playtime 睡觉时间,吃饭时间,玩乐时间;
today, yesterday, tomorrow 今天,昨天,明天;
before, after 之前,之后;
now, soon, early, late 现在,不就,之前,之后;
quick, quicker, quickest 快,更快,最快;
slow, slower, slowest, slowly 慢,更慢,最慢;
hour, o'clock 小时;
clock, watch时钟,手表;
3D shapes 3D图形
cube 立方体;
pyramid 椎体;
sphere 球体;
cone圆锥体;
2D shapes2D图形
circle 圆;
triangle 三角形;
square 正方形;
rectangle 矩形/长方形;
star星形;
Position, direction and movement位置,方向和运动
over, under 在…之上/之下;
above, below 在下面;
top, bottom, side 顶端,底端,侧面;
outside, inside 外面,里面;
around 在周围;
in front, behind 在…前面/后面;
beside, next to 在…旁边;
opposite 在…对面;
between 在…之间;
middle, edge 中间,边缘;
corner 角落;
direction 方向
left, right 左,右;
up, down 上,下;
forwards, backwards, sideways 向前,向后,向侧面;
movement 运动
slide 滑动;
roll 滚动;
turn 转动;
stretch, bend伸展,弯曲;