代词(pron.)代词就是用来代替的。主要用来指代名词。代词可以分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词。
首先来看与“人”有关的这一系列代词,也就是与“你我他”有关系。
具体用法:主格用来做主语,宾格用来做宾语;
形容词性物主代词后要有名词,名词性物主代词后不需要有名词(可以直接放句首做主语,也可以作宾语);
反身代词用来表示主语发出的动作反过来落到了自己身上。常用反身代词的搭配:
enjoy oneself(玩得开心)
help oneself(请自便)
by oneself(独自地)
of oneself(自动地)
例句:
I am a student.
You are a teacher.
He is good at playing basketball.
We are classmates.
They are brothers.
(I, you, he, we, they都是主格,用来做主语)
Tom’s mother often tells him to drink a cup of milk every day.
Our teacher wants us to do homework first.
(him, us都是宾格,用来做宾语;our是形容词性物主代词,后方必须要有名词)
The book is mine, yours is over there.
(mine, yours是名词性物主代词,可以单独使用)
He cut himself with a knife.
(himself是反身代词,表示主语he发出的动作cut落在了他自己身上)
二、指示代词。也就是汉语中的“这”和“那”。要用手指指着去说,所以叫“指示代词”
例句:
This is a book. That is a pen.
(this指代一个东西,表示单数,距离比较近;that距离比较远。)
These are my books. Those books are yours.
(these指代很多东西,表示复数,距离比较近;those距离比较远。)
在疑问句中包含指示代词,那么回答的时候要进行替换,this和that要换成it, these和those要换成they.
如:
Is this your book?
Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.
Are those your books?
Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.
三、不定代词。不定代词就是不确定,不知道有多少。
看第一类表示数量的不定代词
这些词主要从数量上加以区别。如:
There is little food in the fridge, so we need to do some shopping.
(food不可数,用little来表示几乎没有了)
I made a few mistakes in my English test.
(mistake可数,用a few来表示有一点)
再看另一类复合不定代词
这些词主要从意思来区别。还有就是与形容词的位置关系:不定代词在前,形容词在后。
You don’t need to read today’s newspaper because there is nothing special in it.
(nothing 是不定代词,special是形容词)
此外,还要区别some 与any。一般来说,some用于肯定句中,any用于否定句或疑问句中;some用于疑问句中表示一种委婉的请求,any用于肯定句中表示任何。如:
Would you like something to drink?
(疑问句中的something表示委婉的请求)
Anything would be OK!
(肯定句中的anything表示任何)