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2000字范文 > 上海环球教育:雅思阅读中五大同义替换类型

上海环球教育:雅思阅读中五大同义替换类型

时间:2021-04-14 04:21:32

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上海环球教育:雅思阅读中五大同义替换类型

第一种同义词替换类型比较明显且容易定位,单词本身并没有被换成其他词汇,只是单词本身词性的变化。

如:在剑桥真题811中,题干"They developed a new cabinet shape for a type of timekeeper."中的"develop"在文中的同义词替换为"…the development of a new floor-standing case design, which became known as the grandfather clock."中的"development"。

又如在剑桥真题821中"Some improvements are made in radio communication during World War II."中的"improvement"在文中的同义词替换为"…improved radio brought by the Second World War."中的"improve"。

二、同义词组与近义词组

同义词组与近义词组是阅读同义词替换中最为高频的同义词替换类型。

如在真题题干"Certain linguistic groups may have difficulty describing smell because they lack the appropriate vocabulary."中,"linguistic"意为"语言的",在与原文"Odours, unlike colours, for instance, cannot be named in many languages because the specific vocabulary simply doesn exist."的同义词替换中,"smell"与"odour"均是"气味"之意。

该句子为因果句,在表达原因中的"doesn exist"被替换成"lack","specific"替换为"appropriate",在表达结果中的"cannot be named in many languages"被替换成"have difficulty describing",意为"描述气味有困难"。

三、总结/解释说明类

第三类同义词替换类型为总结、解释说明类,同义词替换的类型多为词与词或短语与短语的替换,但第三种同义词替换类型却表现为词与句子的替换。

剑桥真题描述气味的文章中,题干"The sense of smell may involve response to chemicals which do not smell, in addition to obvious odours."中修饰"chemical"用的修饰成分为定语从句"which do not smell",意为"无味的化学品"。

回到原文中"Researchers have still to decide whether smell is one sense or two- one responding to odours proper and the other registering odourless chemicals in the air.",修饰"chemical"的成分变成了一个单词"odourless",这里就不再是词与词的简单替换,而是变成了定语从句与单词的替换。

四、相关话题词汇替换

相关话题词汇的同义替换在文中出题率不是很高,但有时也会出现,它是指在找不到完全同义的表达时,可看一下是否有讨论相关话题的部分处是否有相关表达。

如题干中说到"an account of a national policy initiative",回到原文没有找到"national policy"这一短语,这时发现原文中有表达为"the New Zealand government has developed a …","国家政策"可以在"新西兰政府"附近看是否有相关表达。

五、对应词与反义词

最后一种同义词替换类型为对应词与反义词,对应词主要是指有一些逻辑词表达相近逻辑关系。

如"因为"与"所以"均是表达因果关系的关联词,在剑桥真题8的一片文章中,题干"The FAA was created as a result of the introduction of the jet engine."中表示因果关系用的是"as a result of"。

而回到原文"An accident that occurred in the skies over the Grand Canyon in 1956 resulted in the establishment of the Federal Aviation Administration(FAA) to regulate and oversee the operation of aircraft in the skies over the United States, which were becoming quite congested."表达因果用的是"result in",无论用的表原因还是表结果,都应意识到这是一句因果句。又如题干与原文"safe"与"free from danger"为表示反义的替换关系。

同义词替换现象在雅思阅读中非常常见,同义词替换指的不仅是词与词的对应,还包括句子与单词或是相关话题或是对应词等现象,掌握好同义词替换有助于我们更好地把握题干信息,迅速找到原文中相关的对应信息,更快速且准确率更高地完成解题任务。

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