1,审题不到位,导致后面展开论述不贴和题目甚至跑题。
2,第一段主题段不知道怎么展开。
3,为了追求高大上的句型错误连篇,尤其是第一段的开篇(强调第一段是因为一上来你就有语法错误,根本藏不住!分数自然低!)
4,不知道怎么展开1+3+1中的3段论述,不会举例子!!
5,论述不完整!!!(很严重!)
大家作文中几乎都存在这几个问题,但其中最重要的,是破题!!!
我个人认为,同时很多托福雅思老师也认为,作文其实是最简单最容易提高分数的一项!因为这是应试作文!有固定的模式!! 绝对能够短期提分数!!
我现在以两个题目,跟大家说一下独立作文到底怎么写,其中最重要的是怎么破题!!!
例文1:Teacher should assign homework to students everyday?
第一步:解构题目
主语:Teacher . 动词:assign homework 受方: students 方式(how):everyday
拿到题目,迅速在脑海中按照主语、动词、谓语和方式四个关键词解构题目。本题一个should,暗含的意思是,是否beneficial,是否good。
Pt笔记:这就是为什么大部分含should的题目我们都称之为“利弊题”,因为这种题目都可以通过找利弊的方法来破题。如果should do,就是因为有好处;如果should not do,就是因为有坏处。
破题关键词的意思是:在下面的展开论述中,每一个词都不能落下!!!!!比如上题,你就不能落了everyday。同时,不要自己发散关键词的意思!!(比如,不要把everyday等同于too much!!因为题目中只是说每天布置作业,并不意味着每天的量都很大。如果你想从everyday= too much来这个角度展开思路,你要落在纸面上。不能默认! )
这题有两种角度可以切入,从teacher的角度,比如,每天布置作业加大了老师的工作量,老师过度疲劳,所以不应该;从students的角度,每天做作业导致压力过大,过度疲劳,对学习失去兴趣,所以不应该。
所以,这个题目,从切入点写,我们可以有三种方式,分别是:
1,should not。对老师非常不好。2,should not。对学生非常不好。3,should not。对学生和老师都不好。选择相反的should的切入点,亦然。
Pt笔记:Pt常说的“题目分解法”与此法不谋而合!同时,这里Reesex也有用到教育类话题的经典分类哦!
第二步:选择立场。
Agree or disagree?
在最短的时间内,在脑海中迅速的过一遍两种观点,看哪一种更好写。如果你在选择立场时不能立刻想出两个可以展开的观点,就立刻选择相反的立场。
更好写的意思是:
1.能够写出三个支持观点。2.能够写出例子。
比如,拿到这个题目,我第一反应就是,应该!!!第一反应就是选择对学生好。
Pt笔记:写作从来就没有错误的观点,只有不好写的观点!不要作大死!对自己好一点!
第三步:开始敲字。
1,第一段写法:
A.选择好立场,把题目改写后直接敲在屏幕上。I agree that the teacher should assign homework to students every day.
可以改写的方式:
I agree that teacher should assign homework to students daily.I believe that assigning homework by teacher to students is of great benefits.I hold that students can gain a lot by doing homework every day.
大家可以看出,不管怎样的主题句改写,四个已经解构的关键词都不能舍弃!!!
Pt笔记:开头转述的方法包括【同义转换】【变换词性】【变换表达】【同义转换】every day和daily是同义词,意思和词性都相同【变换词性】should, it is good和is of great benefits意思相同,词性不同
B.然后在前面加背景句子。这里的背景句子,一定是你以前已经背下来的万能开头句子了,看大量满分作文后,总结出适合自己的万能开头句。一定要保证句子百分之一百正确!!! 开头的错误会让判卷人很反感。
给大家举几个我背诵下来的万能背景句:
1/ Nowadays, the Internet has vastly increased global interaction as well as our knowledge of societies around the world. Isolation is not possible for any nation-physically, economically, environmentally.2/ Todays society is much more diverse, complex, pluralistic and swiftly changeable than ever before, making every social member a sailor driving on the sea under complex weather condition.3/ The worlds movie industry has witnessed unprecedented boom in recent years. Delighted by an ample supply of excellent material, people all around the world are thankful for the combined efforts by workers.
Pt笔记:开头并不是一篇文章的核心,这里有自己的模式和套路OK,这也是形成个人行文风格的一种。
然后直接改写关键词就可以。比如套用本题:
Todays society is much more diverse, complex and swiftly changeable than ever before, making every social member a sailor driving on the sea under complex weather condition. Thus, teachers are more likely to assign homework every day to prepare students better for the highly competitive society.
Pt笔记:想得高分者必须换词!
C. 在考试状态下,我敲完以上就进入下一步骤了。但是! 以下来自#xg8833920#的*建议,我也非常认同,只是自己在实战时候没时间敲完下面这些话。
1. You should introduce opinions from both sides before introducing your own opinion. 做出选择前,briefly state with "some people advocate that...while others believe...
2. You should further develop your topic sentence by introducing the benefits of your choice or the reason for your choice.观点阐述完毕后,要发展一下,讲讲by doing this...或者that is because...然后再上案例上论证。”
所以,如果完成全文写作后如果时间还剩余很多,可以把以上两点加上。比如此题:
Some people hold thatdoing homework every day lays a heavy burden on the studentswhile others believeit is pretty beneficial.In my opinion, I advocate that~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~becausedoing homework every day can help students to XXXXXXX(三个观点简写罗列展开)
Pt笔记:八股开头有的人认为,有的认为,我认为。请一定要给出信号词:我认为In my opinion, From my perspective之类的说法,否则rater不知这是你的想法!
第四步:依次敲入分论点的段落主题句+结论。
这样先敲好的好处是——保证三段论结构完整,不至于敲着敲着来不及了。注意使用Firstly, secondly, last but not least;或者 first of all, moreover, in addition,或者其他类型的。必用!!——Pt笔记:这些都是极其重要的逻辑linker!
举例:写法1:
Topic Sentence:同意。
Argument1: Doing homework everyday reinforces what have learned during class, thus doing good to students performance.——理由主旨句1
Argument2: Doing homework everyday forces students to form the habit of dealing time wisely, which is of great importance for further career.——理由主旨句2
Argument3:Doing homework everyday reminds students of their main task, that is academic study.——理由主旨句3
Conclusion: Teachers assigning homework everyday will benefit students in many respects, so I totally agree.——总结句
写法2:
Topic Sentence:不同意。
Argument1: Doing homework everyday forces students to be occupied by study tasks and takes too much spare time, thus harming well-rounded development of students.
Argument2: Doing homework everyday discourages students to study positively and actively and reduces their interest of self-study.
Argument3:Doing homework everyday harms the harmonious relationship between teachers and students.
Conclusion: Teachers assigning homework everyday will undermine students in many respects, so I totally disagree.
基本上,十分钟过去后,屏幕上你就已经打完我上面列出的这些东西+完整开头了。
Pt笔记:这也会Pt每次都会跟大家强调的,写的时候可以不按文章顺序来写,可以先搭架子,再填内容,省时省力,以防结构不完整被扣分!
第五步:填充三个段落,完整论述每一个观点!
几种方式,牢记于心!!
1,举生活中的事例,“每个人心中都有一个小明”
比如:每天做作业有利于加深记忆。Take my friend, Xiaoming as an example. His teacher used to assign homework every day and he benefited a lot from this. He used to be poor at memorizing all the equations and notions when learning Maths. One of the reasons lays that his previous math teacher had never assigned any homework after class, thus, he lacked practice. As we all know, practice makes perfect. However, his new teacher completely changed the way of assigning homework into a daily manner. By doing homework every day, Xiaoming made faster progress in learning Maths.
这种举例,只要一步一步完整论述完事实,就成了~
Pt笔记:身边的例子最精彩!千万不要觉得low!平实的语言就很好!
2, 利用谚语、名言和名人事例展开。
一般格式是,谁谁once said+名言+(他的)事例展开+你自己的总结。
而不是!!直接把名言说出来就完了!!
比如:台上一分钟 台下十年功。 如果你要用这个名言,那就这样写. As an old Chinese sayings goes, one minutes performance on the stage and ten years practise off the stage. This means that If we want to achieve the best result, we have to do tremendous practice day by day. Thus, doing homework every day can help students acquire the knowledge firmly.
在利用名言的展开中,以上三句话,几乎是缺一不可的,只能更多,不能更少!否则论述很难完整。 注意连接词的运用,this means 和thus~~
3,利用调查、研究展开。
一般格式是,有一个报纸,机构或者什么做了个调查,调查方式是, 调查人群是,结果是, 百分比是。。。所以,表明了 每天做作业很好。
这个超级简单!
我考试时候脑袋跟不上思路时就随便编了一个社科院的调查。
Pt笔记:Pt就曾经教给写作群的同学——新浪调查的模板,欢迎入群索取
第六步:检查!
一般敲完文章,我还有3分钟时间检查。
平时练习我一般能够打到500到600字,但实际考试我只来得及写400+,因为会脑袋短路,展开就没那么顺利了。但正好也有时间检查,快速浏览一遍,把小错误改掉~ 基本就结束了。
这就是一个完整的30分钟的作文。不要说你打字不够快,那一定是练得少。你打游戏的时候手不也挺快的么。不要找借口。台上一分钟 台下十年功,老祖宗早就说过了
Pt笔记:任何人都不可能一次做到全对,一定要留时间检查啊!
下面再举一个破题和展开思路的例子供大家参考。我强调的是,“展开论述一定不能漏了任何一个关键词!”
例文2:Agriculture damages the environment by producing more food.
注意破题关键词:
主语:Agriculture. 动词:Damage 谓语:Environment 方式/how: by producing more food.
写法1:同意。即:农业为了得到更多产出确实破坏了环境!
Topic sentence:同意!
Argument1:为了高产→过度占用耕地,伐木造田→ 食物链被打破,破坏原生动植物栖息地→ 破坏生态环境
Argument2:为了高产→使用大量农药→农药杀死部分害虫也杀死益虫→食物链被 打破 → 破坏生态环境→‚农药污染了水,土→ 破坏了自然环境
Argument3:为了高产→施用化肥和不休养生息→土地不再肥沃,越发贫瘠→优良耕地被破坏→破坏生态环境
Conclusion:破坏地很严重,我们应该科学种植,减少环境损坏。
写法2:不同意。即:农业为了得到更多产出没有破坏环境。
Topic sentence:不同意!
Argument1:为了高产→人们越来越重视科学施肥,尤其是有机肥料(粪便啊啥的)→ 提高土壤的肥沃性→良性循环→有利于生态环境
Argument2:为了高产→开始使用新型农药→农药只杀死部分害虫不杀死益虫→促进了其他作物及野生植物的生长→有利于生态环境
Argument3:为了高产→因地制宜:在丘陵上种植茶叶、在水田里种植水稻、在贫瘠的耕地使用肥料→土地越发肥沃→优良耕地被创造→有利于生态环境
Conclusion:没有破坏环境。人类应该更加努力,创造人和环境和谐共处的地球。
Reesex:祝大家作文提升迅速!!!
本文来源:微信公众号:yeeaooibt
更多经验帖,尽在