目录
一、更新软件源二、安装python3.8三、安装pip一、更新软件源
1）首先，打开sources.list文件sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
若没有vim，则需要进行安装。
sudo apt-get install vim-gtk2）进入sources.list后，按i输入，在最后添加以下的国内源：
阿里源地址
deb /ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiversedeb /ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiversedeb /ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb /ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiversedeb /ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb-src /ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiversedeb-src /ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiversedeb-src /ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb-src /ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiversedeb-src /ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
华为源地址
deb /ubuntu/ focal main restricteddeb /ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricteddeb /ubuntu/ focal universedeb /ubuntu/ focal-updates universedeb /ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universedeb /ubuntu/ focal-security main restricteddeb /ubuntu/ focal-security universe
中科大源地址
deb http://mirrors./ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors./ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors./ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors./ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors./ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors./ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors./ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors./ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors./ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors./ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
清华源地址
deb http://mirrors.tuna./ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.tuna./ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.tuna./ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.tuna./ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.tuna./ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.tuna./ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
3）按Esc键，同时输入:wq后保存退出。
4）输入命令更新系统软件源地址:
sudo apt-get update
二、安装python3.8
在 Ubuntu 18.中，python3 的默认版本为 3.6
$ python3 -VPython 3.6.9
1）安装依赖包
$ sudo apt update$ sudo apt install software-properties-common
2）添加 deadsnakes PPA 源
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
3）安装 python 3.8
$ sudo apt install python3.8$ python3.8 -V
4）配置 python3.8 为系统默认 python3，将 python 各版本添加到 update-alternatives
$ which python3.8/usr/bin/python3.8$ sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.8 1$ which python3.6/usr/bin/python3.6$ sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.6 2
5）配置 python3 默认指向 python3.8
$ sudo update-alternatives --config python3There are 2 choices for the alternative python3 (providing /usr/bin/python3).Selection Path Priority Status------------------------------------------------------------* 0 /usr/bin/python3.6 2 auto mode1 /usr/bin/python3.6 2 manual mode2 /usr/bin/python3.8 1 manual modePress to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number: 2
选择/输入2, 回车。
6）测试 python 版本
$ python3 -VPython 3.8.2
三、安装pip
$ sudo apt install python3-pip
如若出现以下错误
解决办法
sudo apt install gsettings-desktop-schemas
再安装
sudo apt-get install build-essential
然后，再次安装pip
$ sudo apt install python3-pip
